Self Test # 11 - Memory 

1. The three processes of memory are: 

 attention, encode, feedback 
 encode, retrieve, motivate 
 encode, imitate, retrieve 
 encode, store, retrieve 

2. The correct order for the three kinds of memory is: 

 sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory 
 short-term memory, episodic memory, sensory memory 
 long-term memory, iconic memory, echoic memory 
 semantic, echoic memory, episodic memory 

3. Which kind of memory holds seven or eight items of information 
for several seconds? 

 echoic memory 
 sensory memory 
 long-term memory 
 short-term memory 

4. The function of sensory memory is to: 

 weed out what is irrelevant in incoming information 
 hold information in its raw form for a brief period of time 
 burn sensations into long-term memory for later retrieval and inspection 
 make quick associations between new data and things you already know 

5. What is a good & accurate way to remember what iconic memory refers to? 

 - Iconic memory is visual information in short-term memory. 
 - Icon means image and therefore iconic memory refers to visual information. 
 - Icon means sound & therefore iconic memory refers to auditory information. 
 - "Con" in iconic refers to something false or bogus & therefore iconic 
   memory refers to a false memory. 

6. Iconic is to echoic as _______ is to _______. 

 visual; auditory 
 general; specific 
 graphical; visual 
 long duration; short duration 

7. If you do not attend to information in sensory memory, what will happen  
to the information? 

 - The information will be forgotten. 
 - The information will be transferred into secondary memory. 
 - The information will be transferred into short-term memory. 
 - The information will be forgotten for one to three seconds, but then later 
   encoded into short-term memory. 

8. Of the following, which is not a function of sensory memory? 

 gives decision time 
 prevents being overwhelmed 
 allows for rehearsal of information 
 provides stability, playback, & recognition 

9. Which of the following pairs accurately describes the two central characteristics 
of short-term memory? 

 unlimited duration, unlimited capacity 
 limited duration, unlimited capacity 
 unlimited duration, limited capacity 
 limited duration, limited capacity 

10. Repeating information over and over so that it does not fade from short-term 
memory is called ________ rehearsal. 

 elaborative 
 episodic 
 maintenance 
 intentional 

11. Why doesn’t information in short-term memory simply become permanent? 
Probably because of: 

 limited storage space in the brain 
 fascination with the new and different 
 interference caused by newly arriving information 
 incompatibility with previously processed information 

12. If you combine separate items of information into large units and then 
remember these larger units rather than individual items, you are using: 

 attention 
 chunking 
 rehearsal 
 procedural memory 

13. Short-term memory performs three functions. Which of the following is not 
among the three functions? 

 provides a location for network nodes 
 selectively attends to information that is relevant 
 holds information for a short period of time 
 promotes storage (through rehearsing) in long-term memory 

14. Unlike that of short-term memory, the capacity of long-term memory: 

 is almost unlimited 
 depends on cell development in the frontal lobe 
 varies tremendously from one person to the next 
 is six to seven items that can be consciously recalled 

15. The ability to recall items at the beginning of a list more easily than following 
items is the result of the ____ effect. 

 attentional 
 recency 
 primacy 
 ordering 

16. The recency effect works because subjects: 

 cannot transfer information into sensory memory 
 still have the last items available in short-term memory 
 rehearsed the last items storing them in long-term memory 
 do not have enough long-term memory for all of the items 

17. We can retrieve ______ memory, but not ______ memory. 

 semantic; episodic 
 episodic; semantic 
 procedural; semantic 
 semantic; procedural 

18. Two types of declarative memory are 

 procedural & episodic 
 semantic & procedural 
 semantic & episodic 
 semantic & motor 

19. __________ memory is the aspect of memory that stores facts & events. 
It applies to standard textbook learning & knowledge. It is based on 
pairing the stimulus & the correct response.

 nondeclarative 
 procedural 
 declarative 
 episodic 

20. Actively making meaningful connections between the information you 
are learning with information you already know is called: 

 sensory encoding 
 automatic encoding 
 elaborative rehearsal 
 maintenance rehearsal 

21. Photographic is to eidetic (eye-DET-ick) as ______ is to ______. 

 film; flashbulb 
 adult; child 
 short-term; long-term 
 intellect; emotion