Blessed Are the Peacemakers Ψ The four C's of peacemaking: 1. Contact 2. Cooperation 3. Communication 4. Conciliation Ψ Contact • Does desegregation improve racial attitudes? Sometimes. • When does desegregation improve racial attitudes? When there is equal status contact. Ψ Cooperation: • occurs when there is a common external threat. • occurs when there is a superordinate goal. • occurs when there is a cooperative learning environment. Ψ Communication • Bargain: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. Bargaining: The negotiation of the terms of a transaction or agreement. • Mediation: A negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial third-party. • Arbitration: The hearing & determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties. Ψ Conciliation • Two important linkage strategies deserve attention here. One is Graduated Reciprocation In Tension-reduction (GRIT), & the other is a Tit-For-Tat (TFT) strategy. • In the GRIT strategy, one of the parties in a conflict unilaterally initiates a series of cooperative moves; these are announced & reciprocity is invited, but the conciliatory moves are continued for an extended period, even without immediate reciprocity. • The 3 Fs of negotiation: Firm , Fair, & Friendly • In the TFT strategy one party initiates a cooperative act & then simply reciprocates the other party's actions, whether a cooperative or a non-cooperative action. --------------------------------------- Social Psychology Robert C. Gates