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1. John B. Watson’s famous experiment with Little Albert was designed to show that:

fear of rats is almost natural & may be inborn
emotional problems can be viewed as learned behavior
psychological problems affect babies as well as children & adults
ethical standards of psychological research are much more stringent today

2. Verbal interaction between therapist & client, a supportive relationship, & analysis of the client’s experiences are the three characteristics of:

transference
meta-analysis
psychotherapy
deinstitutionalization

3. The phenothiazines are effective in reducing schizophrenic symptoms by:

increasing the effects of dopamine
reducing the size of brain ventricles
blocking or reducing the effects of hormones
blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine

4. The discovery of antipsychotic drugs led directly to:

reinstitutionalization
deinstitutionalization
the reform movement
the community mental health center

5. An eclectic approach to psychotherapy involves using techniques that are:

unique to a particular therapist
beneficial to a small number of patients only
borrowed from a number of different approaches
determined by the personality of a particular therapist

6. Meta-analysis is a procedure used to:

determine the effectiveness of some treatment across many studies
help the patient become aware of & understand the causes of
       his or her problem
identify which mental patients should be deinstitutionalized, & which
       should not
gradually expose a patient to a feared object while simultaneously
       practicing relaxation

7. In a typical therapy session, the role of the analyst illustrates all the following assumptions of psychoanalysis except:

interpretation
free association
unconscious conflicts
schedules of reinforcement

8. Freud believed that ________ represented the purest form of free association.

dreams
meta-analysis
irrational thoughts
unconscious conflicts

9. Many clients have the temporary experience of falling in love with their therapists. Freud would consider such feelings an example of:

insight
resistance
transference
free association

10. Which of the following is an example of resistance?

explaining irrational beliefs
having a sexually explicit dream
showing up late for a therapy session
revealing unconscious thoughts during free association

11. Of the following Freudian concepts, which has been tested & found to be valid?

defense mechanism
id as source of energy
basic drives limited to sex & aggression
role of the Oedipus complex in personality development

12. The central assumption of Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy is that:

therapy should focus on real behavior, not vague thoughts & feelings
we must struggle to overcome our basic human selfishness & hostility
psychotherapy must be freely available in community mental health centers
each person has the tendency & capacity to develop to his or her full potential

13. Which of the following is not one of the three therapist characteristics that Rogers believed would facilitate change in clients?

direct
empathy
genuineness
positive regard

14. In his cognitive therapy, Beck attempts to make clients aware of:

the importance of education in the contemporary world
how much better they could be if they would just “think about it”
adaptive thought patterns like open-mindedness, acceptance, love,
       & will power
maladaptive thought patterns like overgeneralization, polarized thinking,
       & selective attention

15. Which of the following mental disorders is most effectively treated by cognitive therapy?

depression
paranoid schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
borderline personality disorder

16. Behavior therapy or behavior modification differs from the insight therapies in that the therapist:

encourages the client to free-associate
repeats or reflects what the client says
identifies the specific problem & discusses a program for change
discusses the client’s tendency to automatically think negative thoughts

17. Systematic desensitization involves a step approach. Which of the following is not among the steps?

exposure
relaxation training
awareness of negative thoughts
stimulus hierarchy construction

18. In systematic desensitization, when the client is gradually exposed to the actual situations that are feared, this is called:

in vivo exposure
in vitro exposure
en passe exposure
realistic desensitization

19. What approach to therapy focuses on changing thought patterns by learning new skills?

psychoanalysis
systematic desensitization
cognitive-behavior therapy
short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy

20. According to research, _______ is the most effective form of treatment for most disorders.

behavior therapy
psychodynamic treatment
cognitive-behavior therapy
there is very little difference in effectiveness among the treatments

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General Psychology Robert C. Gates