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Ψ Note: These questions are part of a larger data base of questions on Chapter 8. The questions are selected to represent the type of question you should expect on unit exam one. You can, in fact, expect to see many of these very same questions on that exam. Exam questions, however, may deal with topics not covered in the self tests or in lectures but are discussed in your textbook. You are responsible for the content of your text book plus the content of lectures, interactive activities, & material on the web site.
Use these sample questions to test yourself & to practice for the test. Click on your choice to see if you are right.
1. A co-actor is someone who
2. Who among the following would be considered coactors?
3. The mere presence of others has been found to boost people’s performance when they are
4. The strengthening of dominant responses in the persence of other people is called the
5. The presence of others is likely to lead to better performance in _____________ & to worse performance in ______________.
6. The primary effect of a crowd is that it
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7. Social psychologists refer to our concern for how others are evaluating us as
 social fear.
co-actor anxiety.
evaluation phobia.
evaluation apprehension.
8. Sanders & his colleagues have suggested that we are aroused in the presence of others, not only because of evaluation apprehension, but also because we
get distracted.
need to belong.
become deindividuated.
engage in social comparison.
9. Research on social facilitation suggests that the design of new office buildings in which private offices are replaced with large, open areas may
invade privacy & disrupt worker morale.
disrupt creative thinking on complex tasks.
disrupt performance of routine clerical tasks.
improve communication & build employee morale.
10. Nearly 300 studies confirm that social arousal _______ performance on easy tasks & _______ performance on difficult tasks.
11. It has been found that long-distance runners have faster running times when they run with another person than when they run by themselves. This shows the effects of
12. Kim has found that she is able to study longer when she is in a room with other people than when she is alone. This shows the effects of
13. It has been proposed that in humans, the presence of others may increase arousal as a result of:
14. If you rearrange the letters LNGEDNA you have the name of a/an
15. Social loafing would be most likely to occur in
16. When people cooperate on additive tasks, contributing their efforts toward a common goal,
they may be less motivated to perform well.
individual effort is facilitated by social arousal.
their efforts are usually boosted by a social bonding.
the presence of others stimulates them to work harder.
17. Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to
be insensitive to the needs of others.
violate social norms when no one is paying attention.
perform an unfamiliar task more poorly when others are around.
exert less effort when they put their efforts toward a common goal.
18. People who benefit from the group but give little in return are referred to as
ferrets.
free-riders.
free-loafers.
deindividualized.
19. Making group members’ performance individually identifiable seems to be one effective strategy for reducing
social loafing.
minority influence.
social facilitation.
group polarization.
20. Which of the following is true about social loafing?
social loafers don't ride free.
The group situation decreases evaluation apprehension.
Individual members feel responsible for group performance & outcomes.
When people know they are being individually monitored, they are tempted to free-ride.
21. When groups are given challenging objectives, when they are rewarded for group success, & when there is a spirit of commitment to the team, group members
tend to free-ride.
experience social facilitation.
work hard & make their best effort.
tend to become deindividualized.
22. People in groups loaf less when
the task is aversive.
they work on a simple task with strangers.
the group is made up of a small number of friends.
all group members have comparable levels of self-esteem.
23. Social loafing would be least likely to occur in
a work crew building a new bridge.
Club Scouts who must gather wood for a campfire.
Girl Scouts who hold a bake sale to raise money.
production workers paid on the basis of individual performance.
24. Research suggests that social loafing occurs
less in collectivist cultures.
less in individualist cultures.
at equal levels in both collectivist & individualist cultures.
at elevated levels in both collectivist & individualist cultures.
 
25. A loss of self-awareness & evaluation apprehension can lead to
coactor effects.
deindividuation.
social facilitation.
minority influence effects.
26. People who are made self-aware, e.g. by acting in front of a mirror or TV camera, have been found to
show increased self-confidence.
behave more consistently with their attitudes.
be less thoughtful in analyzing complex social issues.
be more vulnerable to persuasive appeals that run counter to social norms.
27. ______ is the other side of the coin from self-awareness.
Deindividuation.
Group immersion.
Social facilitation.
Physical anonymity.
28. Which of the following pairs are most clearly opposites?
minority influence & leadership
group polarization & group consensus
deindividuation & self-awareness
groupthink & the accentuation phenomenon
29. Compared to self-aware people, deindividuated people are
more restrained.
less self-regulated.
less responsive to the situation
less likely to act without thinking about their own values.
30. On Halloween night, Diener et. al. conducted a study of trick-or-treat theft. Given a chance to steal candy, the children who were ______________ were most likely steal.
frustrated & alone
anonymous & alone
frustrated & in a group
anonymous & in a group
31. People are more likely to verbally push a person to jump off a bridge when it is dark &
the crowd is large.
the crowd is small.
the crowd is frustrated.
the crowd is predominantly female.
32. Based on research, who is most likely to honk aggressively at someone stopped at a green light?
A male driver of a convertible.
A female driver of a convertible.
Any driver of a car with the top up.
A male driver of a red sport utility vehicle.
33. Which of the following circumstances contributes to people becoming deindividuated?
When they are physically anonymous.
When they are immersed in a large group.
When they are involved in arousing, distracting activities.
All of these contribute to people becoming deindividuated.
34. Given the relationship between self-awareness & deindividuation, the parting advice of a parent to a teenager going to a party might well be, “have fun, and ______.”
stay with the group
remember who you are
relax as much as you can
don’t worry about being popular
35. Investigations of the risky shift phenomenon eventually led to the conclusion that this group phenomenon was really a tendency for group discussion to
36. Group polarization has been found to occur in real life. During community conflicts, people who are ______ will increasingly associate with one another.
37. Group polarization occurs when group discussion _____ group members’ first inclinations.
38. The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring
39. What underlying processes help explain the occurrence of group polarization?
40. The best-supported explanation of group polarization is based on
41. Research on the underlying processes producing group polarization indicates that persuasive arguments predominate on issues having a(n) _________ basis & social comparison predominates on issues having a _________ basis.
42. Groupthink can be defined as
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43. Which of the following is not one of the symptoms of groupthink?
44. Rationalization & a stereotyped view of the opponent are two symptoms of groupthink that have in common their effect on
45. Once a group decides that an idea is bad, it should never revisit the idea.
46. Groupthink occurs in groups that have a history of conflict & disagreement.
47. Each of the following are negative outcomes of groupthink except:
48. It is a good idea to have the group leader offer his or her opinion during group arguments.
49. Group think results in impulsive decisions & the failure to look at all sides of an issue.
50. Group polarization refers to a groups tendency to split into opposite sides or poles & therefore fail to make a decision.
51. The term "groupthink" refers to the observation that
52. People sometimes conform to normative social influence, because they
53. People sometimes conform to informational social influence, because
54. The "risky shift" refers to
55. In groupthink, members of the group
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56. To prevent groupthink, members of a group should do all but which of the following?
57. A minority’s following the majority usually reflects __________ & a majority’s following a minority usually reflects __________.
58. What can we conclude about the relationship between persons & situations?
People often create their social situations.
People choose many of the situations that influence them.
Individuals vary in how they interpret & react to a given situation.
People do all of the above things.
59. When social pressure threatens a person’s sense of __________, he or she is likely to rebel.
freedom
belonging
achievement
purpose in life
60. Attempting to restrict a person’s freedom often produces an anti-conformity ________.
boomerang effect
intimidation pattern
consensus principle
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
61. Knowing that someone is trying to coerce you may prompt you to do the opposite of that person’s wishes. This response is predicted by
social norms theory.
psychological reactance theory.
Milgram’s theory of obedience.
the fundamental attribution error.
62. Confident minorities are most likely to influence the majority on matters of _______ than on matters of _______.
law; fashion
opinion; fact
gender bias; racial bias
political importance; social importance
63. Bob is excellent at organizing his employees, setting goals, & focusing on achieving those goals for the company. Bob excels in
task leadership.
social leadership.
masculine leadership.
laissez-faire leadership.
64. Research on leadership indicates that
all great leaders share certain traits.
effective supervisors tend to score high on both task & social leadership
the most effective leaders typically deviate significantly from a group’s standards.
social leaders consistently outperform task leaders regardless of organizational goals.
65. The degree of influence of any position depends on the strength, immediacy, & number of those who support that position according to
Moscovici.
reactance theory.
social impact theory.
minority influence theory.
66. Research reveals that a minority person who had defected from the majority is
not at all persuasive.
more persuasive than a consistent minority voice.
ridiculed by the majority and rejected by the existing minority.
persuasive, but not as persuasive than a consistent minority voice.
67. Kim is moderately attracted to Rick. When her parents forbid her to date Rick because of his age, Kim becomes very attracted to Rick. Kim's increased attraction to Rick is most likely due to
Social Psychology
Robert C. Gates
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 Civilization began the first time an angry person cast a word instead of a rock.
- Sigmund Freud
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