Note: These questions are part of a larger data base of questions on Module 14 & are selected to represent the type of question you should expect on unit exam four. You can, in fact, expect to see many of these very same questions on that exam. Exam questions, however, may deal with topics not covered in the self tests or in lectures but are discussed in your textbook. You are responsible for the content of your text book plus the content of lectures, interactive activities, & material on the web site.
Use these sample questions to test yourself & to practice for the test.
1. The areas of thinking & language are important topics to study in the ________ approach.
cognitive
behavioral
humanistic
psychoanalytic
2. A way we group objects and events based on some shared characteristics is called a _______.
concept
heuristic
cognition
algorithm
3. According to the exemplar theory of concept formation, we list all of the essential properties that define an object, event, or characteristic. When we encounter an event and need to conceptualize it, we proceed to:
use heuristics
use algorithms
compare the selected concept to the prototype
find the concept that fits all of the essential properties of that event
4. A mental image that is based on the average characteristics of an object is called a(n):
heuristic
exemplar
prototype
algorithm
5. Exemplar theory is to ______ as prototype theory is to _______.
primary; secondary
biological; psychological
deep characteristics; surface characteristics
essential characteristics; average characteristics
6. Research has found that the processes of forming prototypes and matching things to prototypes:
go on at a conscious level
go on at an unconscious level
are influenced by grades in school
are influenced by the proficiency of one’s memory system
7. In problem solving, there are three states. Which of the following is not among the three states?
goal state
initial state
operations state
preparation state
8. Rules which will lead to a solution if followed correctly are called:
algorithms
brainstorming
availability heuristics
representative heuristics
9. Algorithm is to ________ as heuristic is to _______.
general; specific
language; thinking
rule; mental shortcut
short; long
10. The inability to see new uses for old objects is called:
interference
braindrumming
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
11. A person who solves problems by finding a similarity between a new situation and an old situation is utilizing:
insight
an analogy
deep structure
transformational rules
12. Which is not an approach to measuring creativity?
cognitive
linguistic
case study
psychometric
13. When you begin with a problem & devise many solutions, it is called __________, but if you come up with the one correct solution, it is called __________.
analogy; brainstorming
semantics; insight
divergent thinking; convergent thinking
phonology; morphology
14. What term is given to those 10% of autistic persons who shows some incredible memory, music, or drawing talent?
gifted
savant
genius
creative
15. From most particular to most general in the rules of language, the correct order is:
morpheme, phoneme, syntax, semantics
syntax, phoneme, semantics, morpheme
phoneme, morpheme, syntax, semantics
semantics, syntax, morpheme, phoneme
16. In the word “sock”, the sound of the “s” is a(n) _________, whereas the use of the “s” to make the word plural is a(n) _____________.
syntax; semantic
phoneme; morpheme
concept; unit of grammar
overgeneralization; transformational rule
17. A “morpheme” is defined as a:
pronunciation that is not phonetic
smallest meaningful combination of sounds in a language
new word that is formed by combining two existing words
child’s common mispronunciation of a word that is not phonetic
18. Which of the following words consists of a single morpheme?
books
computer
unspeakable
uncomfortable
19. According to Noam Chomsky, language operates at two levels:
sentences & telegraphic speech
spoken words and censored words
surface structure and deep structure
obvious meaning and implied meaning
20. The underlying meaning of a sentence is its:
phonology
deep structure
surface structure
transformational grammar
21. Which is the correct sequence of stages in children’s acquisition of language?
crying, begging, asking, reasoning
babbling, one-word, two-word, three-word, four-word, etc.
babbling, single word, two-word combinations, sentences
senseless noises, listening, imitation, original productions
22. “Parentese (motherese),” which includes speaking in a higher voice and stretching out each word, usually emerges from parents in response to their child’s use of:
words
babbling
overgeneralization
rules of grammar
23. Telegraphic speech is characterized by:
parentese
one-syllable verbalization
two-word combinations
omission of articles, prepositions, and parts of verbs
24. The debate over how we acquire language concerns __________ versus __________.
superficial / deep-seated
individual / common to the group
innate language abilities / environmental language factors
universal abilities / different skills from one cultural group to another
25. When you use past observations in order to draw a broader conclusion, you are using:
deductive reasoning
inductive reasoning
convergent thinking
divergent thinking
26. Inductive reasoning consists of reasoning:
to find one correct solution
to find several correct solutions
from the particular to the general
from the general to the particular
27. The notion that language determines the way people think and perceive the world is characteristic of:
overgeneralization
the social learning approach
the theory of linguistic relativity
Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition
28. Which of the following is the correct order of steps in reading?
phoneme producer, word analyzer, syntax detector
phoneme producer, word analyzer, automatic detector
morpheme producer, phoneme analyzer, word detector
morpheme producer, automatic detector, word analyzer
29. Males and females use language differently. Males use language to _________ and females use it to __________.
solve problems; share concerns
direct others’ behavior; criticize
criticize; maintain their independence
share concerns; maintain their position in a group
30. There are four criteria for having real language. Which of the following is not one of the criteria?
verbally expressed
set of abstract symbols
use of abstract symbols
complex rules for expression
generate an endless number of meaningful sentences
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General Psychology
Robert C. Gates
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Before the phantom of False morning died,
Methought a Voice within the Tavern cried,
"When all the Temple is prepared within,
Why nods the drowsy Worshipper outside?"
from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
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