• Does desegregation improve racial attitudes? Sometimes.
• When does desegregation improve racial attitudes? When there is equal status contact.
Ψ Cooperation:
• occurs when there is a common external threat.
• occurs when there is a superordinate goal.
• occurs when there is a cooperative learning environment.
Ψ Communication
• Bargain: An agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each. Bargaining: The negotiation of the terms of a transaction or agreement.
• Mediation: A negotiation to resolve differences that is conducted by some impartial third-party.
• Arbitration: The hearing & determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties.
Ψ Conciliation
• Two important linkage strategies deserve attention here. One is Graduated Reciprocation In Tension-reduction (GRIT), & the other is a Tit-For-Tat (TFT) strategy.
• In the GRIT strategy, one of the parties in a conflict unilaterally initiates a series of cooperative moves; these are announced & reciprocity is invited, but the conciliatory moves are continued for an extended period, even without immediate reciprocity.
• The 3 Fs of negotiation: Firm , Fair, & Friendly
• In the TFT strategy one party initiates a cooperative act & then simply reciprocates the other party's actions, whether a cooperative or a non-cooperative action.
Blessed Are 